I think you've just got a typo. The first few lines of each block of your message uses a conjunction and the last uses a verb. > !. a > |. '' NB. Ok > !: a > |: '' NB. ok I think you meant to type: a =. 'a' |. 'a' a |. a a |: 'a' a |: a a Unless I misunderstood why you're comparing !. Vs |. and !: vs |: . -Dan